Alkaline batteries have higher capacity and energy density than zinc-chloride batteries and hold their voltage longer. Alkaline batteries can handle a larger current draw, can be used at lower temperatures than zinc-chloride batteries, and have a low self-discharge rate (< 3% per year at 20°C).
Construction and chemistry:
- Safety: Tight gasket and pressure valve to minimise leakage and gas formation risks
- Electrolyte: Basic (alkaline) solution in gel form, primarily potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Anode: Zinc powder
- Cathode: Manganese dioxide (MnO2) mixed with graphite powder
Performance:
- Energy density: 3-5 times higher than zinc-chloride batteries
- Voltage: Maintains a higher voltage level throughout its lifetime.
- Load: Can handle higher current draw than Zinc Chloride batteries
- Self-discharge: Low (< 3% per year at 20°C)
- Temperature range: Can be used in a wider temperature range than zinc-chloride batteries (between about -18°C to +55°C*)
*/ At low temperatures the capacity decreases drastically and at high temperatures the self-discharge increases. It is therefore a good idea to store alkaline batteries in a cool place, but not in a fridge due to the higher risk of moisture and corrosion as a result. Dry and between 10-25°C is recommended.
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