PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a method used to control the amount of power delivered to an electrical component. Instead of lowering the voltage, the signal rapidly switches between on and off states. The average power is determined by the proportion of time the signal remains on, known as the duty cycle.
Duty cycle: Indicates the ratio between the time the signal is on and the time it is off. A duty cycle of 50% means the signal is on for half of the time, resulting in 50% of the maximum average power.






